During inhalation, what happens to the diaphragm?

During inhalation, the diaphragm plays a crucial role in the mechanics of breathing. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward into the thoracic cavity. This downward movement increases the volume of the thoracic cavity and decreases the pressure within the lungs, creating a vacuum that allows air to flow in from the atmosphere. This process is essential for effective inhalation, as it facilitates the entry of air into the lungs where gas exchange occurs. The contraction of the diaphragm is vital for the inhalation process and is also aided by the external intercostal muscles, which lift the rib cage and further expand the thoracic cavity.

This coordinated action of contraction and movement downward is what distinguishes inhalation from other phases of respiration, such as exhalation, where the diaphragm relaxes and moves back upwards.