Where does the exchange of gases occur in the lungs?

The exchange of gases in the lungs primarily occurs in the alveoli, which are tiny, balloon-like structures at the end of the bronchial branches. Alveoli are specifically designed for gas exchange due to their large surface area and thin walls, allowing oxygen to diffuse into the blood and carbon dioxide to diffuse out efficiently. The alveolar walls are surrounded by a network of capillaries, facilitating this vital exchange process.

The other structures listed have their own important roles: the bronchi serve as the main passageways for air to enter and exit the lungs, the trachea is the larger airway that conducts air from the throat to the bronchi, and the larynx houses the vocal cords and acts as a passageway for air. However, these components do not participate directly in the gas exchange process like the alveoli do. Therefore, the correct answer is the alveoli, as they are the crucial sites for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the respiratory system.