Which structure in the eye is responsible for color vision?

The structure in the eye responsible for color vision is cone cells. Cone cells are photoreceptor cells located in the retina and are sensitive to different wavelengths of light. There are three types of cone cells, each corresponding to different ranges of wavelengths: short (blue), medium (green), and long (red). This trichromatic system allows humans to perceive a wide spectrum of colors by combining the signals from these three types of cones.

In contrast, rod cells are primarily responsible for vision in low-light conditions and do not contribute to color perception. The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that helps focus light but does not play a role in color vision itself. The lens further focuses light onto the retina but, like the cornea, does not have a direct role in the perception of color. Hence, cone cells are the key players in enabling color vision within the eye.